Demand Response: Questions Water Utilities Ask

Straight answers to the questions that come up most often before a water utility commits to a feasibility study or moves toward implementation.

Treatment risk and operations

Will this affect our ability to meet our environmental licence conditions?

No. The feasibility study is built around your plant’s real operational constraints, including dissolved oxygen tolerances and any other treatment critical parameters, established with your operations team before any simulation is run. Nothing in the analysis proposes operating outside those constraints. Where implementation proceeds, the same constraints carry through into the control logic itself.

Could shifting pump or blower operation cause an effluent quality exceedance?

Not if the control scheme respects the operational limits it was built against, which is the point of establishing those limits with your operations team first rather than working from generic assumptions. Blower control against dissolved oxygen setpoint, for example, only operates within the tolerance band your process actually allows.

Is there a manual override, and who controls it?

Yes. Any implemented control scheme is built to sit within your existing operational hierarchy, not replace it. Your operators retain the ability to override automated control at any time, the same way they would with any other automated system on your plant.

Integration and cyber risk

Does this require replacing our existing SCADA platform, or does it integrate with what we already have?

Integration, not replacement. The control logic is built into your existing SCADA platform by an integrator working to the same constraints validated in the feasibility study. What platform you run and how the integrator approaches that build is scoped specifically to your site.

Does this expose our operational technology network to the internet?

This is addressed directly during implementation scoping, and the answer depends on your existing network architecture and how price and forecast data is brought into your OT environment. This is a conversation to have explicitly with your IT and OT security teams before any implementation proceeds, not an assumption made on your behalf.

Is this compliant with the Security of Critical Infrastructure Act, given water is a designated critical infrastructure sector?

Water is a designated critical infrastructure sector under the SOCI Act, and any implementation needs to be designed and delivered in line with your organisation’s obligations under it. This is factored into implementation scoping alongside your existing risk management program, in consultation with whoever holds that responsibility inside your organisation.

Does this void any equipment warranty on our pumps, blowers, or generation assets?

This depends on your equipment manufacturer’s warranty terms and how the control scheme is implemented. It is checked as part of implementation scoping, not assumed, and where a warranty risk exists, it is raised before any change is made rather than after.

What happens during a SCADA outage or network fault, does the plant fail safe?

Any implemented control scheme is designed to fail back to your plant’s existing default operation, not to leave the plant in an undefined state. Price responsive control is an overlay on top of your existing control system, not a replacement for the safety and process logic already built into it.

Applicability to your plant

We only pump clean water between reservoirs, we do not have a treatment plant, is this still relevant to us?

Yes. The underlying opportunity is the same regardless of what the water is used for. A reservoir to reservoir transfer pumping station with meaningful pump capacity and some buffer in fill timing is a legitimate candidate for demand response, often a simpler one than a treatment plant, since there is no treatment process constraint to work around, only reservoir levels and delivery requirements. Blower control and digestion are one possible lever among several covered on this site, not a precondition for the study being worthwhile.

Do you only work with water and wastewater, or could this apply to other industrial sites?

Water and wastewater is where the current focus sits, and where the plant specific content on this site is written for. The underlying approach, simulating flexible or schedulable load against real wholesale price volatility, applies to any industrial site with load that can be shifted in time, compression, refrigeration, batch processing, and pumping generally, not only water applications. This reflects a background that spans water and wastewater, energy, oil and gas, chemicals, and manufacturing. If you operate outside water and wastewater and think this might apply to your site, it is worth a conversation rather than assuming the water specific framing on this page rules you out.

Is our plant even big enough for this to be worth doing?

Often yes, and this is usually established quickly during the initial plant assessment rather than assumed either way. Demand charges and time of use tariffs can make load shifting worthwhile even without large flexible assets, and the feasibility study is scoped to answer this specific question for your plant before any further cost is incurred.

We do not have digestion or cogeneration, is there still a case for us?

Yes. Pumping and blower control alone can support a case, particularly where demand charges or a time of use tariff make peak avoidance valuable on their own. Digestion and cogeneration add another lever where they exist, but they are not a precondition for a feasibility study being worthwhile.

Cost, funding, and procurement

What does the feasibility study actually cost, and what do we get for that cost?

Cost is scoped to your specific plant once the initial assessment is done, since the work involved depends on how many assets and constraints need to be modelled. What you receive is a quantified report on the electricity cost saving available, its sensitivity to price volatility, and, where relevant, the case for further capacity, enough to take to a funding decision.

Is the feasibility study a sunk cost if we decide not to proceed?

If the business case does not support proceeding, the study has still answered the question definitively, which has its own value in avoiding spend on a control system that was not going to earn its keep. The alternative, proceeding without that answer, carries a larger risk than the cost of finding out first.

What is the typical payback period on any control system investment?

This depends entirely on your plant’s tariff structure, asset configuration, and the price volatility in your region, which is exactly what the feasibility study quantifies. It is not something that can be answered generically without misrepresenting your specific situation.

How would this be procured, direct engagement, panel, or open tender?

This depends on your organisation’s own procurement policy and thresholds. The feasibility study and any subsequent delivery work can be structured to fit whichever procurement pathway applies to your organisation, including being split into separate stages if that suits your governance requirements.

Market and retailer relationship

Are we taking on price risk we do not currently carry?

Only if you choose to move toward direct spot price exposure, and that decision is made with full visibility of the sensitivity analysis in the business case, not blind. Many organisations retain their existing retail arrangement and still capture value through operational load shifting alone.

Does this require us to change electricity retailer or contract type?

No, not necessarily. The feasibility study compares value under both your current retail tariff and a spot exposed arrangement, so you can see what each delivers before deciding whether a retailer or contract change is worth pursuing.

Track record and trust

What is your background, and why should we trust a forecasting model built by one consultancy?

The forecasting and simulation approach is built on PhD research into control and optimisation of integrated wastewater treatment systems and energy, with peer reviewed publications on energy shifting in wastewater treatment, combined with direct delivery experience on major treatment plant projects and engineering planning work in the energy sector. The forecasting tool itself is tested against historical outcomes it was not trained on, with accuracy and confidence figures available on request.

Can we speak to another water utility that has done this?

Where a completed engagement allows for it, yes. This is something to raise directly, since availability depends on individual client agreements around confidentiality.

Process and next steps

How long does the feasibility phase actually take, and what does our organisation actually receive at the end of it?

Duration depends on how quickly plant data and operational input can be gathered from your team, since the model is only as good as the constraints it is built against. At the end of the feasibility phase you receive a business case report quantifying the saving available, its sensitivity to price volatility, and a clear recommendation on whether proceeding is justified.

Environmental reporting

Does this actually reduce our net emissions, or just shift when we use grid electricity?

Both, depending on your plant’s asset mix. Shifting load toward periods when the grid is running more renewable generation reduces net emissions even without any new generation on site. Where the study also identifies a case for additional storage or generation capacity, the emissions benefit compounds further. The business case report quantifies this alongside the cost saving where relevant.

What Delprosa actually delivers

What exactly does Delprosa deliver, and what do we need to arrange ourselves?

The core deliverable is the front end business case, the plant assessment, simulation, and business case report that tells you whether demand response is worth pursuing and what it is worth. This is the work Delprosa does directly.

If the business case supports proceeding, there are two ways the next phase can run. Delprosa can project manage the SCADA and control integration on your behalf, working with an integrator through to commissioning, or your organisation can manage that phase internally with your own delivery team, whichever suits your governance and resourcing. Either way, the business case and control logic developed in the feasibility phase carries through unchanged.

Any change to your electricity retail arrangement, tariff, contract, or spot price exposure, is a commercial arrangement between your organisation and your retailer directly. Delprosa is not party to that agreement and does not negotiate it on your behalf, but can facilitate the conversation and help you understand what to ask for, based on what the business case shows is actually worth pursuing.

Where to from here

If your question is not answered here, the fastest way to get a specific answer is to start with a plant assessment, which is also the first step of the feasibility study itself.

Contact me to discuss your plant ->